摘要
队形是集体活动中常见的形式，包括拍照、集体舞、花样滑冰等。队形种类繁多，不同的队形带来的视觉效果也不同。本研究旨在评估不同队形对人们注意的影响。为了避免外观因素带来的偏见，实验中使用假人图片作为刺激物。共招募20名受试者，其中8名为女性，12名为男性。受试者被分为两组。A组受试者观看由三个假人组成的三种队形，这三种队形分别为面向受试者的“—”形、“Λ”形和“V”形；B组受试者也观看由五个假人组成的三种队形。使用眼动仪记录受试者观看不同队形的情况。眼动参数用于量化视觉注意，包括总注视时间和注视次数。比较每个假人的参数可以揭示不同队形和小组成员数量对人们视觉注意的影响。结果显示，在三个队形中，处于中间位置的成员在注视时间和注视次数方面总是更受关注。A组和B组均如此。其他位置的成员没有显著的统计差异。这一发现为队形提供了量化的视觉信息，从而相应地加深了理解。同时，它可以促进各个领域的队形设计。
关键词： 眼动追踪；队形；群体活动；舞蹈；凝视；视觉注意
Abstract
Formation widely appears in group activities, including taking photos, group dancing, synchronized skating, etc. There are many types of formations, and different formations provide different visual effects. This research focuses on evaluating how different formations affect people's attention. Pictures of mannequins were used as stimuli to avoid bias brought by appearance. Twenty subjects were recruited in total among which eight are females, and twelve are males. The subjects were assigned to two experimental groups, respectively. Group A watched three types of formations consisting of three mannequins. The three formations are "—" shape, "Λ" shape, and "V" shape facing toward the subjects. Group B was also required to watch the same three types of formations, consisting of five mannequins. An eye-tracker was used to record how subjects viewed different types of formation. Eye-tracking parameters were adopted to quantify visual attention, including total fixation duration and fixation count. Comparing the parameters of each dummy could reveal how different formations and the number of group members affect people's visual attention. According to the results, in all three formations, the one in the middle always attracts more attention in terms of fixation duration and fixation count. This applies to both Group A, and Group B. Members in other positions have no significant statistical difference. This finding provides quantitative visual information to the formation, which developed the understanding correspondingly. At the same time, it could facilitate formation design in various areas.
Key words： Eye-tracking; Formation; Group activity; Dance; Gaze; Visual attention
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